Innovation and technologies are transforming the future of the automotive industry. Telematics, cloud computing, IoT, smart applications, artificial intelligence, cloud-based services, connectivity, smartphone’s integration, tele ....see more
The cell to pack battery market is projected to reach USD 79.0 billion by 2033, at a CAGR of 15.5% during the forecast period. Further, the presence of OEMs such as Volkswagen AG (Germany), Solaris Bus & Coach sp. z o.o.(Poland), and VDL Grope (Netherlands) offers opportunities for the growth of the cell to pack battery market in the region as these OEMs are expected to launch some passenger and commercial vehicle models.
The global automotive engineering services market is projected to reach USD 243.9 billion by 2028, registering a CAGR of 8.1% during the forecast period. The automotive engineering services market is dominated by established players such as Capgemini (France), IAV Automotive Engineering (Germany), Tech Mahindra (India), AKKA Technologies (Belgium), and HCL Technologies (India), among others. These companies provide automotive engineering services to global OEMs and component manufacturers. These companies have set up R&D infrastructure and offer best-in-class engineering services to their customers.
The battery swapping market is projected to reach USD 11.8 billion by 2027, at a CAGR of 46.9% during the forecast period. The battery swapping market is dominated by players such as NIO Power (China), Gogoro (Taiwan), Immotor (China), Aulton (China), and Sun Mobility (India). These companies adopted new product launches, partnership, and supply contracts to gain traction in the battery swapping market.
The motor lamination market is projected to reach USD 27.6 billion by 2027 at a CAGR of 4.7% during the forecast period. The motor lamination market is dominated by a few global players and comprises several regional players. Some of the key manufacturers and suppliers of the motor lamination market are Tempel (US), Pitti Engineering Ltd (India), Alinabal, Inc (US), EuroGroup Laminations S.p.A. (Italy), R. Bourgeois (France), and LCS Company (US).
The drive by wire market is estimated to grow from USD 20.6 billion in 2022 to reach USD 27.9 billion by 2027 at a CAGR of 6.2% during the forecast period. The key players in the drive by wire market are Bosch (Germany), Continental (Germany), Infineon Technologies (Germany), ZF (Germany), Nexteer Automotive (US). The key strategies adopted by major companies to sustain their position in the market are expansions, contracts and agreements, and partnerships.
The global automotive LiDAR market is projected to reach USD 8,611 million by 2030 and grow at a CAGR of 40.9% during the forecast period. The automotive LiDAR market is dominated by major players including Valeo (France), DENSO Corporation (Japan), Innoviz Technologies Ltd. (Israel), Velodyne Lidar, Inc. (US), and Luminar Technologies Inc. (US). These companies offer automotive LiDAR sensors and have strong distribution networks at the global level. These companies have adopted extensive expansion strategies; and undertaken collaborations, partnerships, and mergers & acquisitions to gain traction in the automotive LiDAR market.
The light electric vehicle (LEVs) market is projected to reach USD 122.7 billion by 2027, registering a CAGR of 9.4% during the forecast period. The LEV market is primarily dominated by players like Textron Inc. (US), Polaris Inc. (US), John Deere (US), Yamaha Motor Co. Ltd., Club Car Inc. (US), and BMW AG (Germany) among others.
The global metaverse market for automotive is projected to reach USD 16.5 billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 31.4% during the forecast period. The market is dominated by established players such as NVIDIA (US), Roblox Corporation (US), Unity Technologies (US), Meta Platforms Inc. (US), and WayRay (Switzerland). They develop products and provide service offerings for the automotive metaverse ecosystem. They have initiated partnerships to develop their metaverse technology and provide finished products and services to their respective customers in the market. They have initiated partnerships to develop their metaverse technology and provide finished products and services to their respective customers in the market.
The thermal system market is projected to reach USD 41.7 billion by 2027, at a CAGR of 2.1% during the forecast period. The thermal systems market is led by established global suppliers such as Denso Corporation (Japan), MAHLE GmbH (Germany), Hanon Systems (South Korea), Valeo (France), and BorgWarner Inc. (US). These companies adopted several strategies to gain traction in the thermal systems market. New product development, partnerships, and expansion strategies from 2018 to 2022 helped them to innovate on its offerings and broaden their customer base
The global fuel cell powertrain market is expected to grow from USD 512 million in 2020 to USD 3,629 million by 2027, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 47.9% during the forecast period.The major players such as Ballard Power Systems (Canada), Cummins Inc. (US), Denso Corporation (Japan), Robert Bosch GmbH (Germany), and FEV (Germany).
The global connected rail market is expected to grow from USD 94.6 billion in 2022 to USD 124.5 billion by 2027, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.6% during the forecast period.The Major players Robert Bosch GmbH (Germany), Siemens (Germany), Hitachi (Japan), Huawei (China) and Wabtec Corporation (US).
The global Automotive Diagnostic Scan Tools Market is projected to reach USD 41.4 billion by 2026 , at a CAGR of 4.5% during the forecast period. The major market players include Robert Bosch GmbH (Germany), Siemens (Germany), Continental AG (Germany), Denso (Japan), Snap-on (US) among others
The global Autonomous / Self-Driving Cars Market size is projected to reach 62.4 million units by 2030, at a CAGR of 13.3% during the forecast period. The self-driving cars market is dominated by global players such as General Motors (US), Ford (US), Daimler (Germany), Volkswagen (Germany), Toyota (Japan) and Waymo (US). These companies have adopted strategies such as new product development, expansion, collaborations, partnerships, and mergers & acquisitions to gain traction in the autonomous cars market. Partnership and collaboration are the most widely adopted strategies by major players.
The connected motorcycle market is expected to grow from USD 55 million in 2021 to USD 757 million by 2027, at a CAGR of 54.7% during the forecast period. The connected motorcycle market is dominated by Major OEMs including Yamaha (Japan), Suzuki (Japan), Kawasaki (Japan), BMW (Germany), and Harley Davidson (US) and component manufacturers include Bosch (Germany) and Continental AG (Germany). Many software providers, including Starcom Systems (UK), KPIT (India), and e-Novia (Italy), work with platform providers like IBM (US) and Amazon AWS (US) and network providers like Vodafone (UK) and Verizon (US) to develop product and service offerings for the connected motorcycle ecosystem. They have initiated partnerships to develop their connected motorcycle technology and provide finished products to their respective customers for the connected motorcycle market.
The global smart electric drive market size is projected to reach USD 4,245 million by 2026, at a CAGR of 35.9% during the forecast period. The smart electric drive market is dominated by global players such as Nidec Corporation (Japan), Aisin Corporation (Japan), BorgWarner (US), Bosch (Germany) and ZF group (Germany). These companies have been developing new products, adopted expansion strategies, and undertaken collaborations, partnerships, and mergers & acquisitions to gain traction in the high-growth smart electric drive market.
The HD map for autonomous vehicles market is expected to grow from USD 1.4 Billion in 2021 to USD 16.9 Billion by 2030, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 31.7% during the forecast period.HD maps for autonomous vehicles market including are TomTom (the Netherlands), HERE Technologies (the Netherlands), Waymo (US), NVIDIA (US), Baidu (China), Dynamic Map Platform (Japan), NavInfo (China), and Zenrin (US).
The Railway Cybersecurity Market is expected to grow from USD 6.2 billion in 2021 to USD 10.6 billion by 2027, at a CAGR of 9.4% during the forecast period. The report analyzes all major players in the railway cybersecurity market including Thales Group (France), Siemens AG (Germany), Alstom (France), Wabtec (US), and Nokia Networks (Finland).
The railway telematics market is projected to reach USD 7.3 billion by 2026, at a CAGR of 7.5% during the forecasting period. The key players considered in the analysis of the Railway Telematics market are Siemens (Germany), Hitachi Ltd. (Japan), Alstom (France), Knorr-Bremse (Germany), and Robert Bosch (US). These companies offer extensive products for the Railway Telematics industry and have strong distribution networks, and they invest heavily in R&D to develop new products.
The global CNG and LPG vehicle market is expected to grow from 2,135 thousand units sales in 2021 to reach 4,389 thousand units sales by 2026, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.5% during the forecast period.Suzuki Motor Corporation (Japan), Honda Motor Company (Japan), Hyundai Motor Group (South Korea), Volkswagen AG (Germany) and Ford Motor Company (US).
The Driving Simulator Market is expected to grow from USD 1.5 billion in 2020 to USD 2.1 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 7.2% during the forecast period. Players in the market like ECA Group, Oktal Sydac, Cruden B.V, and VI-grade design simulator applications for cars, buses, commercial & firefighting trucks, trains, airport vehicles, and police vehicles, which are specifically for driver training, rehabilitation, evaluation, and research.
The baggage handling system market is expected to grow from USD 7.5 billion in 2020 to USD 10.3 billion by 2025 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.6% during the forecast period.The key players in the baggage handling system market are Siemens (Germany), Vanderlande Industries (Netherlands), Daifuku (Japan), Pteris Global Limited (Singapore), BEUMER (Germany), and SITA (Switzerland).
The automotive smart display market is expected to be worth USD 10.9 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 8.8% during the forecast period. The automotive smart display market is dominated by globally established players such as Robert Bosch GmbH (Germany), Continental AG (Germany), DENSO Corporation (Japan), Valeo (France), Pioneer Corporation (Japan), Panasonic Corporation (Japan), Alpine Electronics, Inc. (Japan), Hyundai Mobis (South Korea), and Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd. (Japan).
The Low-Carbon Propulsion Market is expected to grow from 2,980 thousand units in 2020 to 11,640 thousand units by 2027, at a CAGR of 21.5% during the forecast period. The key players in the low-carbon propulsion market are Tesla (US), BYD (China), Nissan (Japan), Yutong (China), and Proterra (US).
The semi-autonomous truck market is expected to grow from 948 thousand units in 2020 to USD 3,254 thousand units by 2025 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 28.0%. during the forecast period.The global semi-autonomous truck market is dominated by major players such as Continental (Germany) Bosch (Germany), Aptiv (UK), AB Volvo (Sweden), and Denso (Japan). All the companies have strong distribution networks at a global level. In addition, these companies offer an extensive product range in this market. These companies have adopted strategies such as new product developments, collaborations, and contracts & agreements to sustain their market position. On the other hand, Embark (US), Tesla (US), TuSimple (US), Caterpillar (US), and Waymo (US) are some of the companies that are focusing on developing autonomous trucks.
The global occupant classification system market is expected to grow USD 2.8 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 6.7% during the forecasting period. The major occupant classification system market players include ZF (Germany), Bosch (Germany), IEE Sensing (Luxembourg), TE Connectivity (Switzerland), and Aptiv (UK), among others. These companies have secure distribution networks at a global level. Also, these companies offer an extensive product range. The key strategies adopted by these companies to sustain their market position are expansions and acquisitions.
The COVID-19 Impact on EV and EV Infrastructure Market is expected to grow from 3.42 million units in 2020 to 4.18 million units by 2021, at a CAGR of 22.1% during the forecast period. Besides Tesla, ABB and Tritium have introduced super-fast charging technologies, 350 kW Terra HP and Veefil-PK, respectively. Additionally, JET Charge has installed super-high charging power stations in Australia. Innovations by global, as well as some key regional players, are expected to open new avenues for the growth of this segment over the next few years.
The In-Vehicle Computer System Market is expected to grow from USD 565 million in 2020 to USD 980 million by 2025, at a CAGR of 11.6% during the forecast period. The in-vehicle computer system market is dominated by global players such as S&T AG (Kontron) (Germany), Lanner Electronics Inc. (Taiwan), SINTRONES Technology Corporation (Taiwan), NEXCOM International (Taiwan), IBASE Technology Inc. (Taiwan), and Axiomtek (Taiwan). These companies develop new products, adopt expansion strategies, and establish collaborations, partnerships, and mergers & acquisitions to gain traction in this market.
The HUD helmet market is expected to grow from USD 1,047 million by 2030, at a CAGR of 30.0% during the forecast period.The HUD helmet ecosystem is dominated by a few global HUD helmet solution providers and comprises several regional players. Some of the key providers include NUVIZ, Inc. (US), DigiLens Inc., (US), BMW Motorrad (Germany), SKULLY Technologies, JARVISH (Taiwan), and SHOEI CO. LTD. (Japan).
The side view camera system market is expected to grow from USD 2 million in 2020 to USD 388 million by 2027, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 112.6%. during the forecast period.The global side view camera system market is dominated by major players such as Hyundai Mobis (South Korea), Continental AG (Germany), Valeo (France), Samvardhana Motherson (India), Magna International (Canada), Robert Bosch (Germany), Denso Corporation (Japan), and Stoneridge (US). Denso Corporation (Japan) and many others.
The cloud based solutions market for automotive is expected to reach a value of USD 66.95 billion by 2022, at a CAGR of 19.88% during the forecast period. The global cloud based solutions market for automotive is dominated by key players such as Apple (US), BlackBerry (Canada), Verizon Wireless (US), Continental AG (Germany), Ericsson (Sweden), and Bosch (Germany), along with other tier I and tier II service providers.
The automotive blockchain market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 31.19% from 2020 to 2030, and the market size is projected to grow from USD 0.35 billion in 2020 to USD 5.29 billion by 2030. The increasing need for transparency and immutability in the complex automotive ecosystem and significant testing of blockchain use cases in automotive applications are expected to play a significant role in the growth of the automotive blockchain market. The companies profiled in the report include IBM (US), Microsoft (US), carVertical (Estonia), Tech Mahindra (India), SHIFTMobility (US), BigchainDB (Germany), RSK Labs (Argentina), NXM Labs (US), XAIN (Germany), and others.
The hybrid vehicle market is expected to be worth 7,593 Thousand Units by 2025, at a CAGR of 8.94% during the forecasting period. The key growth drivers for the market are increasing government initiatives, higher fuel efficiency, longer driving range, stringent emission regulations and the increasing demand for mid-size and large size cars in countries such as Norway, Sweden, Germany, the US, and others. Asia Pacific represents the biggest market for green technologies in the world. The growth of hybrid vehicles in the region is mainly attributed to the huge sales volume in Japan and China. To combat rising emissions, countries in the region are focusing on deploying a large fleet of low-emission vehicles in the next few years. Also, Asia Pacific region is the home for major players in the hybrid vehicle market such as Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Kia, BYD, Hyundai, and others. Toyota has the highest share in the hybrid vehicle sales worldwide. Moreover, governments of Asian countries are supporting the growth by providing subsidies which are fueling the hybrid vehicle market in the region.
The highway driving assist market is expected to grow from USD 1.9 billion in 2019 to USD 10.7 billion by 2027, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 23.9% during the forecast period.The global highway driving assist market is dominated by major players such as Robert Bosch (Germany), Magna (Canada), ZF Friedrichshafen (Germany), Continental (Germany) and Valeo (France). These companies have strong distribution networks at a global level and offer an extensive product range. These companies adopt strategies, such as new product developments, collaborations, and contracts & agreements to sustain their market position.
The predictive vehicle technology market is expected to grow from USD 20.8 billion in 2019 to USD 90.2 billion by 2027, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20.1% during the forecast period.The major market players include Bosch (Germany), Continental (Germany), Valeo (France), Garrett Motion (Switzerland), Aisin Seiki (Japan), and Aptiv (UK), among others.
The bike and scooter rental market is expected to reach a value of USD 10.1 billion by 2027, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18.9%. during the forecast period. The global bike and scooter rental market is dominated by major players such as Lime (US), Jump (US), Bird (US), ofo (China), Grow Mobility (China), nextbike (Germany), Cityscoot (France), and COUP (Germany), among others. These companies have strong distribution networks at a global level. Besides, these companies offer an extensive service range in the market. The key strategies adopted by these companies to sustain their market position are new product developments, collaborations, and contracts & agreements.
The Indian connected car market is projected to be worth USD 32.5 billion by 2027, at a CAGR of 22.2% during the forecast period. The India connected car market is dominated by a few globally established players, such as Bosch (Germany), Denso (Japan), NXP (Netherlands), Garmin (US), and Harman (US).
The integrated vehicle health management market is estimated to be USD 11.3 billion in 2019 and is projected to reach USD 28.0 billion by 2027, at a CAGR of 12.0% during the forecast period. Increasing number of connected vehicles and growing awareness about vehicle health and safety are expected to drive the integrated vehicle health management market.Visteon (US), Continental (Germany), Robert Bosch (Germany), Delphi Technologies (UK), OnStar (US), and Garrett Motion (Switzerland).
The global vehicle access control market is expected to be worth USD 22.6 billion by 2027, at a CAGR of 11.2%. The rising concern towards vehicle security, growing production of PCs and LCVs, and the increasing demand for electric vehicle have led to the growth of the market. Premium car models would provide another sustainable and profitable revenue stream in the future for vehicle access based biometric systems in automotive industry.Denso Corporation (Japan), Valeo (France), Continental AG (Germany), Robert Bosch (Germany), and Nuance Communication (US)).
The trailer assist system market is projected to reach USD 182 million by 2027 from an estimated USD 82 million in 2019, at a CAGR of 10.5% during the forecast period. The demand for safety and comfort has always been a prime preference in vehicles. With the increase in sales of passenger cars and LCVs, consumers are increasingly demanding comfort and safety for these vehicle segments. Due to the inefficiency of drivers, many accidents happen during the parking of a vehicle. Parking a vehicle attached with a trailer is a challenging task even for trained drivers. Driver errors can be minimized by providing driving assistance to the vehicle. The trailer assist works on the principle of park-assist that helps the driver to park or reverse a vehicle into a parking lane or a tight spot with a trailer towed at the rear. This system helps in saving time while reversing and provides safety and comfort to the driver. The major players in this market are Continental (Germany), Bosch (Germany), Magna (Canada), WABCO (Belgium), and Westfalia (Germany).
The global solar vehicle market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 36.4% during the forecast period to reach 107,380 units by 2030 from projected 8,955 units by 2022. These vehicle is an electric vehicle integrated with solar panels. Generally, solar panels consist of photovoltaic cells which help convert solar energy to electric energy. The propulsion of these vehicles is usually offered through solar energy, and the efficiency of solar modules defines the propulsive force of the vehicle.Volkswagen (Germany), Toyota (Japan), Ford (US), Mahindra (India), Nissan (Japan), GM (US), Sono Motors (Germany), Cruise Car (US), and Solar Electric Vehicle Company (US),
The global integrated traffic systems market is projected to grow from USD 22.7 billion in 2019 to USD 37.5 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 8.7%. Increase in vehicle ownership is projected to drive the demand for integrated traffic systems market.Kapsch TrafficCom (Austria), Cubic (US), Swarco (Austria) , Siemens (Germany), Sumitomo (Japan), Flir Systems (US), Jenoptik AG (Germany), LG CNS (Korea), and Iteris (US). Swarco
The global electronic logging device market, by new vehicle service and aftermarket service, is expected to be USD 12.5 billion in 2018 and is projected to reach USD 16.6 billion by 2025. Major driving factors of the electronic logging device market is ELD mandate for fleet management in North America and in some of the Asian countries like Japan and South Korea. In Addition to that, the growing need for operational efficiency in fleet-owning organizations will also play a crucial role in electronic logging device market. Europe is expected to be the largest market for electronic logging device during the forecasted period because of the strictly implemented regulations related to electronic logging device. The electronic logging device market is dominated by the global players and includes several regional players. Some of the key players in the electronic logging device market are Omnitracs (US), Trimble (US), Geotab (Canada), Donlen (US), and Teletrac Navaman (US).
The multi domain controller market is estimated to be USD 1.3 billion in 2018 and is projected to reach USD 20.2 billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 25.7% during the forecast period. The increasing focus on R&D activities and rapid technological changes owing to the changing government norms for vehicle safety are projected to drive the multi domain controller market.Continental AG (Germany), Visteon Corporation (US), Robert Bosch GmbH (Germany), Aptiv (Ireland), Panasonic Corporation (Japan), ZF Friedrichshafen AG (Germany), Faurecia (France), Magna International Inc. (Canada), Lear Corporation (US), Autoliv Inc. (Sweden).
The high voltage battery market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 38.95% from 2018 to 2025, and the market size is projected to grow from USD 8.9 billion in 2018 to USD 89.1 billion by 2025. The increasing demand for higher driving range vehicles, significant focus toward smart transportation, and advancement toward battery chemistry are expected to play a significant role in the growth of the high voltage battery market.Some of the key players in the high voltage battery market are Panasonic (Japan), BYD (China), CATL (China), LG Chem (South Korea), and Tesla (US). Panasonic (Japan) is identified as the leading player in the high voltage battery market.
The automotive simulation market is estimated to be USD 1.4 billion in 2018 and is projected to reach USD 2.9 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 11.1% during the forecast period. Increasing focus on R&D activities and rapid technological changes owing to the changing government norms for vehicle safety are projected to drive the automotive simulation market. The automotive simulation market is dominated by globally established players such as Ansys (US), Altair (US), Siemens PLM (US), PTC (US), and Dassault Systèmes (France). Also, Design Simulation Technologies (DST) (US), SimScale (Germany), and AnyLogic (US) provide automotive simulation solutions.
The global hub motor market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.03% during the forecast period to reach USD 11.17 billion by 2025 from an estimated USD 7.92 billion in 2018. Hub motor improves the performance of electric vehicles. Hub motor helps supply torque to its associated tire and generates more power to improve the efficiency of a vehicle. The other benefits of hub motor technology is that it provides a pleasant and an effortless ride, e.g. in case of bicycles when a rider does not feel like pedaling. The major hub motor market players are QS Motor (China), Schaeffler Technologies (Germany), Michelin (France), Jiashan Neopower International Trade (China), and Elaphe (Slovenia).
The global exhaust heat recovery system market, in terms of value, is expected to grow at a CAGR of 10.38% during the forecast period. It is estimated to be USD 32.54 billion in 2018 and is projected to reach USD 64.94 billion by 2025. The existing and upcoming stringent emission norms are driving the exhaust heat recovery system market. In addition to the above factors, the increasing production of commercial vehicles could be the potential market for EHRS technologies particularly for future technologies such as ORC and TEG. Even future technology like ORC is expected to get commercialized for commercial vehicles first. These factors are driving the EHRS market. The exhaust heat recovery system market for automotive is dominated by a few globally established players such as BorgWarner (US), Continental (Germany), Faurecia (France), Denso (Japan), and MAHLE (Germany)
The aromatic solvents market is projected to grow from USD 7.27 billion in 2018 to USD 8.29 billion by 2023, at a CAGR of 2.66% during the forecast period. Aromatic solvent is a type of hydrocarbon that has alternating double and single bonds between carbon atoms, which form rings. Aromatic solvents are powerful solvents for organic liquids. Hence, they are widely used in a variety of industries such as paints, petrochemicals, nail polish removers, cleaners, adhesives, dyes, and varnishes.Companies such as Royal Dutch Shell Plc. (Netherlands), SK Global Chemical Co., Ltd. (South Korea), and ExxonMobil Corporation (US) have adopted these strategies to strengthen their market
The value of the automotive battery sensor market is estimated to be USD 2.35 billion in 2018 and is projected to reach USD 4.92 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 11.09% from 2018 to 2025. The key growth drivers of the market are increasing vehicle production, high demand for fuel-efficient vehicles, stringent emission regulations, and increasing demand for luxury and commercial vehicles. The key manufacturers operating in the market are HELLA (Germany), Continental (Germany), Bosch (Germany), Furukawa Electric (Japan), NXP (Netherlands), Vishay (US), Texas Instrument (US), Denso (Japan), ams AG (Austria), Inomatic (Germany), and TE Connectivity (Switzerland).
The automotive acoustic engineering services market is projected to reach USD 4.04 billion by 2025 from USD 2.45 billion in 2018, at a CAGR of 7.42% during the forecast period. Increasing demand for optimum acoustical performance in passenger cars and SUV/MPV segments and rising sales of premium vehicles equipped with luxury & comfort features are expected to drive the automotive acoustic engineering services market during the forecast period.Some of the key players in the automotive engineering services market are AVL (Austria), Siemens PLM (US), Bertrandt (Germany), EDAG Engineering (Germany), Schaeffler (Germany), FEV (Germany), Continental (Germany), IAV (Germany), and Autoneum (Switzerland). AVL adopted collaboration as a key strategy to retain its market