Gray Hydrogen Market by Technology (Coal Gasification, Pyrolysis, And Natural Gas Reforming) by Distribution (Pipeline, High-Pressure Tube Trailer, And Liquified Hydrogen Tanker) by Application (Automotive & Transportation, Refinery, Ammonia Production, Methanol Production, Power Generation, and Others) by Region (North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, South America, and Middle East & Africa) - Trends and Forecasts to 2030
The hydrogen derived from fossil fuels like coal and natural gas is called gray hydrogen. Around 95% of the hydrogen produced today is gray hydrogen, the least renewable form of hydrogen. Gray hydrogen is relatively inexpensive and viewed as a transition or bridging alternative as the world moves away from fossil fuels.
The Gray hydrogen market, based on technology, is categorized into steam methane reforming (SMR), partial oxidation (POX), and coal gasification. Steam methane reforming is the most mature technique for hydrogen production on a large scale. In this process, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and a small quantity of carbon dioxide are produced when methane combines with steam at pressures ranging from 3 bars to 25 bars (1 bar = 14.5 psi). Partial oxidation (POX) is faster than steam methane reforming. It involves the combustion of feedstock with oxygen fed below the level required for complete oxidation (sub-stoichiometric). Coal gasification is the process of thermochemical conversion of coal into gaseous products like hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Coal is converted to synthesis gas in the presence of steam and oxygen or air at high temperatures and pressures.
Based on generation and delivery mode, the gray hydrogen market can be segmented into two major categories: captive and merchant. Hydrogen produced intentionally for on-site consumption is called captive hydrogen. Such hydrogen is primarily produced and utilized by large-scale industries, such as petroleum refineries, fuel cells, ammonia and methanol production plants, and electronics. On the other hand, merchant hydrogen is produced, transported, and sold as an industrial gas to end-users through pipelines and cylinder delivery. Merchant hydrogen can be further categorized by delivery mode into large on-site plant & pipeline, bulk & cylinder (gaseous form), bulk (liquid form), and small on-site.
Furthermore, the gray hydrogen market is fragmented based on application, into automotive & transportation, refinery, ammonia production, methanol production, power generation, and others. The automotive & transportation industry is showcasing a faster rate of adoption of hydrogen, as its focus on decarbonization increases. Hydrogen is also finding increasing usage in power generation, petrochemical, and refining industries as a cleaner alternative to polluting conventional fuels.
The global gray hydrogen management market can be segmented into North America, South America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa. The increasing adoption of fuel cell-based electric vehicles across Asia, North America, and Europe is driving the demand for gray hydrogen in these regions. The US Department of Energy suggests that 10 million metric tons of hydrogen is produced annually in the US, with most of it finding application in the refining and ammonia production industries. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the oil refining and chemicals industry are the largest consumers of hydrogen today. An increase in the number of petrochemical and refinery projects in these regions is expected to propel the demand for hydrogen fuel in the near future.
The major players in the gray hydrogen market are Linde Plc (UK), Air Liquide (France), Air Products and Chemicals Inc. (US), Uniper SE (Germany), Siemens Energy (Germany), Cummins (US), Parker Hannifin (US), BASF (Germany), Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (Japan), Atlas Copco (Sweden), Johnson Matthey (UK), Reliance Industries Limited (India), BayoTech, Inc. (US), and Messer (Germany).
Key Questions Addressed by the Report
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- What is the current size of the gray hydrogen market?
- What are the major drivers for the gray hydrogen market?
- Which is the largest segment, by technology, during the forecasted period in the gray hydrogen market?
- Which is the fastest-growing region during the forecasted period in the gray hydrogen market?
- What are the trends that could be witnessed over the next five to ten years?
- What will be the revenue pockets for the gray hydrogen market in the next five years?
- Who are the top players operating in the market?
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.2. MARKET DEFINITION
1.2.1. MARKET SCOPE
1.2.2. YEARS CONSIDERED IN THE REPORT
1.3. CURRENCY
1.4. STAKEHOLDERS
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1. RESEARCH DATA
2.1.1. SECONDARY DATA
2.1.1.1. KEY DATA FROM SECONDARY SOURCES
2.1.2. PRIMARY DATA
2.1.2.1. KEY DATA FROM PRIMARY SOURCES
2.1.2.2. KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS
2.1.2.3. BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY INTERVIEWS
2.2. MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
2.2.1. BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
2.2.2. TOP-DOWN APPROACH
2.3. DATA TRIANGULATION
2.3.1. GRAY HYDROGEN MARKET ANALYSIS THROUGH PRIMARY INTERVIEWS
2.4. LIMITATIONS
2.5. ASSUMPTIONS
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS
5 MARKET OVERVIEW
5.1. INTRODUCTION
5.1.1. MARKET DYNAMICS
5.1.2. DRIVERS
5.1.3. RESTRAINTS
5.1.4. OPPORTUNITIES
5.1.5. CHALLENGES
5.2. COVID-19 IMPACT ANALYSUS
5.3. TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMERS’ BUSINESSES
5.4. TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
5.5. GRAY HYDROGEN MARKET: SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS
5.6. MARKET MAP
5.7. PATENT ANALYSIS
5.8. TRADE ANALYSIS
5.9. PRICING ANALYSIS
5.10. TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
5.11. KEY STAKEHOLDERS & BUYING CRITERIA
5.11.1. KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS
5.11.2. BUYING CRITERIA
5.12. KEY CONFERENCES & EVENTS IN 2022–2023
5.13. GRAY HYDROGEN MARKET: REGULATIONS
5.13.1. REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
5.14. PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
5.15. CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
6 GRAY HYDROGEN MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY (USD Million - 2020, 2021, 2022-e, 2030-f)
6.1. INTRODUCTION
6.2. STEAM METHANE REFORMING (SMR)
6.3. PARTIAL OXIDATION (POX)
6.4. COAL GASIFICATION
7 GRAY HYDROGEN MARKET, BY GENERATION AND DELIVERY MODE (USD Million - 2020, 2021, 2022-e, 2030-f)
7.1. INTRODUCTION
7.2. CAPTIVE
7.3. MERCHANT
7.3.1. LARGE ON-SITE PLANT & PIPELINE
7.3.2. BULK & CYLINDER (GASEOUS FORM)
7.3.3. BULK (LIQUID FORM)
7.3.4. SMALL ON-SITE
8 GRAY HYDROGEN MARKET, BY APPLICATION (USD Million - 2020, 2021, 2022-e, 2030-f)
8.1. INTRODUCTION
8.2. AUTOMOTIVE & TRANSPORTATION
8.3. REFINERY
8.4. AMMONIA PRODUCTION
8.5. METHANOL PRODUCTION
8.6. POWER GENERATION
8.7. OTHERS
9 GRAY HYDROGEN MARKET, BY REGION (USD Million - 2020, 2021, 2022-e, 2030-f)
9.1. INTRODUCTION
9.2. ASIA PACIFIC
9.2.1. BY TECHNOLOGY
9.2.2. BY GENERATION AND DELIVERY MODE
9.2.3. BY APPLICATION
9.2.4. BY COUNTRY
9.3. EUROPE
9.3.1. BY TECHNOLOGY
9.3.2. BY GENERATION AND DELIVERY MODE
9.3.3. BY APPLICATION
9.3.4. BY COUNTRY
9.4. NORTH AMERICA
9.4.1. BY TECHNOLOGY
9.4.2. BY GENERATION AND DELIVERY MODE
9.4.3. BY APPLICATION
9.4.4. BY COUNTRY
9.5. MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
9.5.1. BY TECHNOLOGY
9.5.2. BY GENERATION AND DELIVERY MODE
9.5.3. BY APPLICATION
9.5.4. BY COUNTRY
9.6. SOUTH AMERICA
9.6.1. BY TECHNOLOGY
9.6.2. BY GENERATION AND DELIVERY MODE
9.6.3. BY APPLICATION
9.6.4. BY COUNTRY
10 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
10.1. OVERVIEW
10.2. MARKET EVALUATION FRAMEWORK
10.3. SHARE ANALYSIS OF KEY PLAYERS, 2021
10.4. SEGMENTAL REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP MARKET PLAYERS, 2016-2021
10.5. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
10.6. COMPETITIVE LEADERSHIP MAPPING
11 COMPANY PROFILE
11.1. LINDE PLC
11.1.1. Business Overview
11.1.2. Services offered
11.1.3. Recent Developments
11.1.4. MnM View
11.2. AIR LIQUIDE
11.3. CUMMINS
11.4. AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS INC.
11.5. MESSER
11.6. XEBEC ADSORPTION INC.
11.7. ALLY HI-TECH CO. LTD.
11.8. UNIPER SE
11.9. SIEMENS ENERGY
11.10. BASF
11.11. PARKER HANNIFIN
11.12. RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LIMITED
11.13. JOHNSON MATTHEY
11.14. ATLAS COPCO
11.15. MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES
11.16. BAYOTECH, INC.
12 Appendix
12.1. INSIGHTS OF INDUSTRY EXPERTS
12.2. DISCUSSION GUIDE
12.3. RELATED REPORT
12.4. AUTHOR DETAILS
* Additional Segments, Countries and Companies may be added during the course of the study
*Company revenues will be provided for three years (including the base year). The base year used for company profiles will be 2021. Wherever information is unavailable for the base year, the previous year data will be considered.
*Details on Business overview, Products offered, Recent Developments, MNM view might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.
Growth opportunities and latent adjacency in Gray Hydrogen Market